Islamic Sciences is considered one of the most important sciences in Islam, as it is considered a major source of the teachings and directives of the Islamic religion, and constitutes the basis for determining legal rulings and applying them in daily life,
and also includes the study of the Holy Book (the Holy Qur’an), the Sunnah of the Prophet, hadiths, the Prophet’s biography, jurisprudence, assets, and other branches, and in this article, we review the importance of these sciences, their types, divisions and their relationship with other sciences.
What is Islamic Sciences?
Islamic Sciences are the religious sciences concerned with the study of Islam and Islamic law and include a wide range of topics related to faith, jurisprudence, interpretation, hadith, biography of the Prophet, Islamic history, and others. Islamic Sciences is divided into several branches, the most prominent of which are:
1- Fiqh
It is the study of Islamic rulings and related branches through the study of legal texts from the Holy Qur’an, the Sunnah of the Prophet, the effects of the Prophet, and legal deduction.
2- Interpretation
It is the study of the meanings of the Holy Qur’an and its interpretation by studying Qur’anic texts, Islamic history, the Arabic language, and others.
3- Hadith
It is the study of the hadiths of the Prophet, their investigation, translation, the study of their support, narrators, and others.
4- Faith
It is the study of religious beliefs and concepts, monotheism, faith, and others.
5- Biography of the Prophet
It is the study of the life of the Prophet (may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon him), his biography, morals, teachings, and others.
What is the importance of Islamic Sciences?
The importance of Islamic sciences is represented in many aspects, the most important of which are:
Proper understanding of Islam
It helps Muslims understand Islamic law more deeply and accurately, and to learn about the truth of Islam, its meanings, rulings, and teachings.
Clarification of religious concepts
doctrinal principles, obligations, rights, duties, and Islamic approaches in worship, morals, dealings, and transactions.
Achieving justice
in society, determining people’s rights and duties, and achieving equality between people in rights and duties.
Social reform
where forensic sciences help to achieve social reform and improve social life and identify the causes of corruption in society and the mechanism of its treatment.
Strengthening the relationship with God
achieving integrity, piety, increasing closeness to God, and achieving the ultimate goal in life.
What are the types of Islamic Sciences?
The sciences of Sharia are divided into three types, as Ibn al-Qayyim went, who (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
And science has three sections that have … From the fourth and the truth is with a statement
He knew the descriptions of the god and did … As well as the names of the merciful
And the command and prohibition, which is his religion… And his reward is the day of the second appointment
والعلم أقسامٌ ثلاث ما لها … من رابعٍ والحقُّ ذو تبيان
علمٌ بأوصافِ الإله وفعله … وكـذلك الأسماءُ للرحمنِ
والأمر والنهي الذي هو دينه … وجزاؤه يوم المعاد الثاني
From that, the division of Islamic sciences according to the origins of their subjects was as follows:
- The science of faith, knowledge of names and attributes, and belief in the doors of faith.
- The science of rulings (commands and prohibitions, halal and haram).
- The science of retribution, which is the punishment of the slave for what he did in this world.
These sciences have been divided based on Islamic studies that are taken care of by Sharia scholars into the following:
- Sciences of purposes: such as the science of faith, hadith, interpretation, jurisprudence, the biography of the Prophet, and legal etiquette.
- Machine Sciences: such as the term hadith, the principles of interpretation, linguistic sciences, and the science of jurisprudence.
Departments of Sharia Sciences
The Islamic sciences were divided in terms of the obligatory applied aspect as follows:
1- individual obligation
It is a legitimate concept related to the duties that a Muslim must perform, as prayer is obligatory for every Muslim, so we say that prayer is an obligation, in the sense that it is obligatory, and it must be performed, and the one who abandons it is a sinner, and the matter also applies to prohibitions, such as alcohol, facilitator, theft and adultery, where it is forbidden for a Muslim to perform it.
2- impose sufficiency
It is a term that means that there are actions that if some do them, fall from the rest, they are orders imposed but on some Muslims and not others, such as funeral prayer, enjoining virtue and forbidding vice, or establishing the caliphate, but if these duties are not performed by a sufficient number, then that is a sin.
What is the relationship between Islamic sciences and other sciences?
There is a close relationship between Sharia Sciences and other sciences, as Sharia sciences rely on other sciences to perform their tasks in a way that meets the requirements of the times. Among the most important sciences that are related to forensic sciences:
1 – natural sciences
Where Islamic sciences benefit from the natural sciences in understanding the universe and its creation, analyzing the verses of the Holy Qur’an that talk about natural phenomena, and modern scientific knowledge is used to determine prayer times and the direction towards the qibla and others.
2 – social sciences
Islamic sciences benefit from the social sciences in the study of social, political, economic, psychological, and other life, and also use social and moral concepts in building Islamic society and knowing the changes that have occurred in society.
3 – humanities
In order to understand the human psyche and human behavior, the study of social psychology to find out the external influences that have an actual impact on human behavior towards the society in which he lives, and human knowledge also resorts to determine the correct Islamic behavior and its application in daily life.
4 – medical sciences
Where Sharia is moving towards medical sciences to study the legal rulings related to health, treatment, medicines, etc., and Islamic sciences use medical knowledge in determining the legal rulings related to fasting and Hajj, and here the value of forensic science, whose rulings are based on medical sciences to determine the most appropriate.
Explanation of some basic Sharia terms
There are many Sharia terms that those interested in Sharia must understand well, and the most important of these terms are:
1- Monotheism
It is the belief in the oneness of God Almighty, and that there is no god but Him alone who has no partner.
2- Prophethood
It is the belief of Muslims that God Almighty chose some human beings to be messengers who communicate His message and teachings to people.
3- Message
It is the message that God inspired His messengers to communicate its teachings to people.
4- The Holy Qur’an
It is the book of God that was revealed to the Prophet and contains the teachings of Islam and Islamic law.
5- Sunnah of the Prophet
These are the teachings, deeds, and sayings narrated by the Prophet, and are considered a major source of Sharia.
6- Sharia
It is a set of Sharia rulings found in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet and includes beliefs, morals, transactions, worship, and others.
7- Fatwa
It is an opinion of advice adopted by a Muslim theologian on a matter of Sharia and is considered an important source of guidance in Sharia affairs.
8- Halal and Haram
These are the terms that refer to the things that Muslims are allowed to do, and the things that are forbidden for them to do.
9- Prayer
It is the basic worship in Islam, and it consists of pillars, conditions, duties, sunnah, and mustahabb.
10- Zakat
It is a charity obligatory on rich Muslims for the benefit of the needy, the needy, and the disadvantaged.
11- Fasting
It is abstaining from eating, drinking, sexual intercourse, smoking, and other things from dawn until sunset in the month of Ramadan.
12- Hajj
It is the journey to Mecca to perform the fifth Islamic obligation, in which circumambulation, saa’i and standing in Arafa, and other Islamic rites are performed.
Through this explanation, it is clear that the legal sciences are one of the most important sciences in Islam, as they are a major source of religious teachings and rulings, and through which a person can achieve reconciliation between transport and reason,
and we find great interest in Wahion Youha Academy of Islamic Studies in these sciences, and they are taught by a group of specialists and sheiks, as well as memorizing the Holy Qur’an and the provisions of intonation and pronunciation in Arabic, and once you communicate with the Academy, your journey begins to delve into this vast sea.